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Review: The Failure of Political Islam by Olivier Roy 

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

During the worldwide fall of Communism, beginning in the 1980s, the West was gripped by the rise of political dominance […]

Book Review: E.H. Carr’s A History of Soviet Russia: Volume 1: The Bolshevik Revolution 

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

Edward Hallett Carr is perhaps the greatest and most authentic authority when it comes to the History of the USSR.

Political Economy of Pakistan’s Military 

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

“The Army is the nation and the nation is with the Army”, COAS General Ashfaq Pervez Kayani said on Martyr’s

Book Review– The Great Transformation by Karl Polanyi

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

Few scholarly works have modest beginnings but have become one of the most renowned seminal works. An epitome of it

The Disintegration of the USSR: the Factors

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

Few people in the USSR saw the end of the Cold War as a setback for the Soviet Union and

Soviet Economy after the October Revolution

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

In 1921, Vladimir Lenin initiated a new economic agenda for the Soviet Union, which had been seriously harmed by years

Caste, Class, Varna and Race: Social and Political and Cultural Discourses

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

Caste has a significance: that is its social morphology. The several Backward Classes Commissions established in independent India have noted

The Opposition to Khomeini’s Velayat-e-Faqih

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

In his book Kashf al-Asrar (1941), Ayatollah Khomeini acknowledged, “The wilayah of the mujtahid … has been the subject of

New Wars and Old Wars: A Book Review 

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

New Wars and Old Wars: Human history, it is said, is primarily about war. Whether or not everyone agrees with

Relevance of Borders in Contemporary World  

Essay | Gautam Kukreja

For the last three decades, scholars have argued about the diminishing significance of international borders and the increasing impact of

Notes on the History of Saudi Arabia 

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is the largest country in the Middle East by area

Privatization of War: The Rise of PMSCs

UPSC | Gautam Kukreja

In April 2019, Erik Prince– the founder and long-time CEO of the controversial Blackwater USA, now called Academi, proposed to

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